https://vinhmdev.com/topics/history/Recent content in History on VinhMDevHugoenSun, 01 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000https://vinhmdev.com/posts/the-charge-paradox-a-historical-mistake-that-shaped-electronics/Sun, 01 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000https://vinhmdev.com/posts/the-charge-paradox-a-historical-mistake-that-shaped-electronics/<h2 id="1-single-fluid-theory-and-franklins-labeling-error" class="relative group">1. Single-Fluid Theory and Franklin&rsquo;s Labeling Error <span class="absolute top-0 w-6 transition-opacity opacity-0 -start-6 not-prose group-hover:opacity-100"><a class="group-hover:text-primary-300 dark:group-hover:text-neutral-700" style="text-decoration-line: none !important;" href="#1-single-fluid-theory-and-franklins-labeling-error" aria-label="Anchor">#</a></span></h2><p> <figure> <picture class="mx-auto my-0 rounded-md" > <source srcset="https://vinhmdev.com/franklin-experiment_13664589902870786539_hu_4e24fc022c5258d3.webp 330w,https://vinhmdev.com/franklin-experiment_13664589902870786539_hu_83c74aca4aaf6488.webp 660w ,https://vinhmdev.com/franklin-experiment_13664589902870786539_hu_e27fdfb25b77125a.webp 1024w ,https://vinhmdev.com/franklin-experiment_13664589902870786539_hu_6a7ba45dd18948d5.webp 1320w " sizes="100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img width="2752" height="1536" class="mx-auto my-0 rounded-md" alt="Benjamin Franklin&rsquo;s glass rod and silk experiment" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://vinhmdev.com/franklin-experiment_13664589902870786539_hu_75a19f357f1f7e13.png" srcset="https://vinhmdev.com/franklin-experiment_13664589902870786539_hu_b4d4e79ca2731861.png 330w,https://vinhmdev.com/franklin-experiment_13664589902870786539_hu_75a19f357f1f7e13.png 660w ,https://vinhmdev.com/franklin-experiment_13664589902870786539_hu_bb18476135c8fd0b.png 1024w ,https://vinhmdev.com/franklin-experiment_13664589902870786539_hu_c40ab8f65847735a.png 1320w " sizes="100vw" /> </picture> </figure> </p> <p>In the mid-18th century, Benjamin Franklin proposed the single-fluid theory of electricity. He hypothesized that electricity was an invisible fluid flowing from high pressure to low pressure. He established a convention: a surplus is <strong>Positive</strong> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://vinhmdev.com/lib/katex/katex.min.383e7b8d45a3003d6ca1f862b324854a548da7d62b4aab69104c44e7d10022af.css" integrity="sha256-OD57jUWjAD1sofhisySFSlSNp9YrSqtpEExE59EAIq8=" /> <script defer src="https://vinhmdev.com/lib/katex/katex.min.5e4f3b03c66a3360fe5c070da797900dd74437f58f23957443f4cbd26149f74e.js" integrity="sha256-Xk87A8ZqM2D&#43;XAcNp5eQDddEN/WPI5V0Q/TL0mFJ904="></script> <script defer src="https://vinhmdev.com/lib/katex/auto-render.min.bb53eb953394531aae36fdd537065c4244eb8542901a3ce914601d932675b8ac.js" integrity="sha256-u1PrlTOUUxquNv3VNwZcQkTrhUKQGjzpFGAdkyZ1uKw="></script> <script> document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () { if (typeof renderMathInElement !== 'undefined') { renderMathInElement(document.body, { delimiters: [ { left: '\\[', right: '\\]', display: true }, { left: '$$', right: '$$', display: true }, { left: '\\(', right: '\\)', display: false }, { left: '$', right: '$', display: false } ], throwOnError: false }); } }); </script> $(&#43;)$ and a deficit is <strong>Negative</strong> $(-)$.</p>